Sex, Drugs and Rock 'n' Roll
The latest in a series from the WSJ on the various flavors of "Conservatism." I guess that that pedagogical purpose justifies an Introduction to Libertarianism that would have been more suited to 1973 or 1983 than to 2003. Too bad Ms. Lee took a rather unnuanced approach to the subject.
Let's parse this puppy:
Sex, Drugs and Rock 'n' Roll
Libertarians have more fun--and make more sense.
BY SUSAN LEE
Wednesday, February 12, 2003 12:01 a.m.
...Libertarianism is simplicity itself. It proceeds from a single, quite beautiful, concept of the primacy of individual liberty that, in turn, infuses notions of free markets, limited government and the importance of property rights. In terms of public policy, these notions translate into free trade, free immigration, voluntary military service and user fees instead of taxes....
...To libertarians, on the other hand, the model of a free market functions as a template for all things. Not only does the market operate as a continuous process for sorting through competing ideas as well as goods, it also allows each individual to express himself or herself....
A number of comments in the essay like this one suggest that libertarians' support for liberty is utilitarian. That we are all Benthamites because freedom is the best way to (self-organize) society. That has been part of libertarian philosophy but most libertarians base their politics on natural rights/natural law not utilitarianism. Mill not Bentham. We support the free market not because of efficiency but because a free market is what happens when individuals' freedom of action is not politically constrained. Libertarians focus more on the morality of liberty than its efficiency.
...Libertarians are not comfortable with normative questions. They admit to one moral principle from which all preferences follow; that principle is self-ownership--individuals have the right to control their own bodies, in action and speech, as long as they do not infringe on the same rights for others....Libertarians do not concern themselves with questions of "best behavior" in social or cultural matters.
Here libertarianism is given too much and too little in the same paragraph. Too little because libertarianism is one of the most highly normative political philosophies. As political philosophers, libertarians can quickly and easily test various political proposals against the non-aggression axiom and downcheck everything from the Securities and Exchange Commission to the Civil Rights Act of 1964 to the local Vector Control District (free those vectors!). On the other hand, the author gives libertarianism too much by stating that libertarians don't propose norms of best behavior in social matters. This assumes that libertarianism in a "complete" philosophy. It's not. Libertarianism qua libertarianism is only a
political philosophy and lacks theories of esthetics, ethics, theology, epistemology, and personal behavior. Libertarians as individuals are perfectly free within their political philosophy to espouse white supremacy, pacifism, private ownership of nuclear weapons, Anglo-Catholicism, atheism, the worship of Shiva, vegetarianism, the Atkins' Diet, grammatical prescriptivism, progressive education, etc.
By contrast, conservatives are comfortable with normative issues....These values are not the result of the agnostic process of the free market; they are ontologically inherent. Because conservatives assume that there is a recognizable standard of excellence...For example, they argue that the state of marriage between a man and a woman possesses great virtue. And they can go on to distinguish lesser states of virtue in other types of relationships. This process of distinguishing isn't an entirely epistemological argument, however; it is based, in part, on tradition and, in part, on sociology taken from assumptions about "best behavior."
Libertarians believe that marriage between a man and a woman is just one among other equally permissible relationships; ...Conservative thought proceeds from absolutes, hierarchies and exclusivity. Libertarian thought promotes relativism and inclusiveness--although, admittedly, this tolerance comes from indifference to moral questions, not from a greater inborn talent to live and let live....
I can't tell here whether the author is accusing conservatism of the sin of epistemology or reliance on authority or what. Actually, both conservatism and libertarianism have a long tradition of committing both sins. Aristotle is beloved of libertarians and conservatives. Aquinas and C. S. Lewis both used logic and epistemology in their explorations of theology. Lewis'
argument against priestesses in the [Roman or Anglican] Catholic Church and
Robert P. George's contemporary argument against same-sex marriage are rigorously based on the proposition that such arrangements are not wrong but logically impossible. On the other hand, libertarians have also sometimes relied on tradition (The Enlightenment and the Founding Fathers) and sociology (utilitarianism) in butressing their arguments.
All this falls to the bottom line in obvious ways. Conservatives are against gay marriage, they are often ambivalent toward immigrants, and patronizing toward women; they view popular culture as mostly decadent and want to censor music, movies, video games and the Internet. They crusade against medical marijuana. For their part, libertarians argue for legalizing drugs; they are in favor of abortion and against the government prohibition of sex practices among consenting adults. They abhor censorship. In the conservative caricature, libertarians believe in sex, drugs and rock 'n' roll--but it is not far from the truth. Unfortunately, these debates are often animated by the fact that conservatives see libertarianism only as the face of what it defends: transgendered persons adopting children, video games of violent sadism and, yes, cloning. Simply put, the shocking and repellent decline of civilization. But for libertarians, these are merely some of the many aspects of a civilization that is advancing through vast and minute experiments. The exercise of freedom trumps the discomforts of novelty.
Libertarianism (as discussed here) is not a lifestyle choice. I know plenty of libertarians who have conservative or even reactionary social views. There are also conservatives (the Amish, for example) who eschew government authority and practice their traditionalism on the basis of
voluntary organization. The real argument is between conservatives and "liberals" who favor a central, coercively organized social system and conservatives and liberals who favor voluntary arrangements.
...Now, few doubt that Hayek has won and that the economic argument has been settled in favor of free markets. What remains is the battle over politics and culture. One down, two to go.
I hope the battle of economics has been won. The remaining battle is purely over politics and that is not going well (since governments continue to grow in size and power). There can't be a battle over culture since absent political intervention, traditionalists will be able to live as they choose. No battle. A traditionalist
PUD would be able to exclude gays and the godless at will and discriminate against decadence on any grounds it chose. If the more extreme libertarian anarchists were to win the political battle, a pro-life PUD could even punish abortion by death (among its population) if it was so organized. The "culture wars" are only a problem because governments can attempt to impose the ideas of one side or another on everybody. It's better to think of the conflict as being between monopoly and choice rather than as being between tradition and post modernism.